Genetic Counselor

Genetic Counselors are professional who have completed a master’s program in medical genetics and counseling skills. They then pass a certification exam administered by the American Board of Genetics Counseling. Genetic counselors can help and inheritance patterns, suggest testing, and lay out possible scenarios. They will explain the meaning of the medical science involved, provide support, confirming a diagnosis in a person who has disease symptoms, and address any emotional issues raised by the results of the genetic testing.Genetic Counseling is the process of evaluating family history and medical records, ordering genetic tests, evaluating the results of this investigation, and helping parents understand and reach decisions about what to do next. Genetic test are done by analyzing small samples of blood or body tissues. The samples determine whether you, your partner, or your babies carry genes from certain inherited disorders. It is very necessary for Genetic counselors to have knowledge of blood because it is important to know whether a disease can be prevented or treated if a gene alteration is found.In some cases, there is no treatment. But test results might help a person make life decisions, such as career choice, family planning or insurance coverage. A genetic counselor can provide information about the pros and cons of testing Once a person decides to proceed with genetic testing, a medical geneticist, primary care doctor, specialist, or nurse practitioner can order the test. Genetic testing is often done as part of a genetic consultation. Genetic tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue.For example, a procedure called a buccal smear uses a small brush or cotton swab to collect a sample of cells from the inside surface of the cheek. The sample is sent to a laboratory where technicians look for specific changes in chromosomes, DNA, or proteins, d epending on the suspected disorder. The laboratory reports the test results in writing to a person’s doctor or genetic counselor. Newborn screening tests are done on a small blood sample, which is taken by pricking the baby’s heel. Unlike other types of genetic testing, a parent will usually only receive the result if it is positive.If the test result is positive, additional testing is needed to determine whether the baby has a genetic disorder. Before a person has a genetic test, it is important that he or she understands the testing procedure, the benefits and limitations of the test, and the possible consequences of the test results. The process of educating a person about the test and obtaining permission is called informed consent. Work Cited http://www. enotes. com/genetic-counseling-reference/genetic-counseling-17201 Google search KidsHealth. org

Overview of the Medulla Oblongata

Overview of the Medulla Oblongata The medulla oblongata is a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing, and sneezing. Motor and sensory neurons from the midbrain and forebrain travel through the medulla. As a part of the brainstem, the medulla oblongata helps in the transferring of messages between various parts of the brain and the spinal cord. The medulla contains myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Myelinated nerves (white matter) are covered with a myelin sheath composed of lipids and proteins. This sheath insulates axons and promotes more efficient conduction of nerve impulses than unmyelinated nerve fibers (gray matter). A number of cranial nerve nuclei are located in the gray matter of the medulla oblongata. The upper region of the medulla forms the fourth cerebral ventricle. The fourth ventricle is a cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid and is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct. The lower portion of the medulla narrows forming portions of the central canal of the spinal cord. Function The medulla oblongata is involved in several functions of the body including: Control of autonomic functionsRelay of nerve signals between the brain and spinal cordCoordination of body movementsRegulation of mood The medulla is the control center for cardiovascular and respiratory system activity. It regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. The medulla also controls involuntary reflex actions such as swallowing, sneezing, and gag reflex. Another major function of the medulla is the control and coordination of voluntary movement. A number of cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla. Some of these nerves are important for speech, head and shoulder movement, and food digestion. The medulla also aids in the transfer of sensory information between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. It relays sensory information to the thalamus and from there is sent to the cerebral cortex. Location Directionally, the medulla oblongata is inferior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum. It is the lowest portion of the hindbrain and is continuous with the spinal cord. Features Some anatomical features of the medulla oblongata include: Median fissures - shallow groves located along the anterior and posterior portions of the medulla.Olive - paired oval structures on the medulla surface that contain nerve fibers which connect the medulla to the pons and cerebellum.Pyramid - two rounded masses located on opposite sides of the anterior median fissure. These nerve fibers connect the medulla to the spinal cord, pons, and cerebral cortex.Fasciculus gracilis - a continuation of the bundle of nerve fiber tracts that extend from the spinal cord to the medulla. Injury to the Medulla Injury to the medulla oblongata may result in a number of sensory-related problems. These include numbness, paralysis, difficulty swallowing, acid reflux, and lack of movement control. Because the medulla controls vital autonomic functions, such as breathing and heart rate, damage to this area of the brain can be fatal. Drugs and other chemical substances can impact the medullas ability to function. An opiate overdose can be deadly because these drugs inhibit medulla activity and the body becomes unable to perform vital functions. The chemicals in anesthesia work by acting on the medulla to decrease autonomic activity. This results in a lower breathing rate and heart rate, relaxation of muscles, and  loss of consciousness.​

Wilder Mansion Restoration essay

Wilder Mansion Restoration essay Through The Eyes of A StumpA gloomy dark green moss now grows on a concrete stump that remembers a day when its coat of paint was immaculate and it stood as the foundation for a burnished bronze statue of a woman and two children. Those days are long gone, and now everything the stump sees and hears seems dismal. The flagpole tells the stump that he is lucky not to be able to see the rusty jungle that has become the Wilder Mansion . The iron rails at the entrance, the medal pipes on the sides, even the flagpole himself, all display the years in their orange, rusted skin. For the past sixty years organizations, such as Save Our History, have fought to restore and preserve historical landmarks. The Wilder Mansion has stood predominantly in the Elmhurst community since 1868. The mansion is a part of the American heritage and to destroy it for a frivolous reason like a parking lot is to sell out ones heritage.Winnebago familyThe flagpole tells the stump that the pillars that once stood a t the entrance, all white and pristine, are now dirty with yellow rust stains from the hanging wires and rusted nails. The stump replies with an elaborate description of the green wood in dire need of restoration and the plants in dire need of taming. The cupola and the chimney sit atop the Wilder Mansion and stare at the tattered roof, that hasn't felt the touch of man in three years, and dwell on their own ragged appearance. They grieve over the fact that they used to hover over Wilder Park and flaunt the solid coat of white on their wooden surface which is now partially bare. The mansion shows the wear of time on its exterior but if it were...

Portentous and Pretentious - Commonly Confused Words

Portentous and Pretentious - Commonly Confused Words The adjective portentous means ominous or momentous, referring to a sign or prediction that something important is about to happen. Portentous can also mean pompous or self-important. (This second meaning overlaps with that of pretentious.) The adjective pretentious means full of pretense, making excessive or unwarranted claims to be important or sophisticated. Notice how these two words are spelled: portentous ends in -tous; pretentious ends in -tious. Examples No one spoke. But they all knew this was a portentous moment, and that this day Mister Skye would say a thing that would affect their lives. (Richard S. Wheeler, North Star. Forge, 2009)The notepaper had been given her as a wedding present, embossed with a monogram of her new initials, by a Southampton aunt, boxes of it; Marcia had laughed, thinking it hideously pretentious, the essence of everything she had married Harold to escape, and used it so seldom, once the thank-you notes were written, that after twelve years it was not used up. (John Updike, Couples. Knopf, 1968)Elizabeth Bishops poetry is rarely portentous or grand, and never pretentious or grandiose. (Michael Ryan, A Difficult Grace: On Poets, Poetry, and Writing. University of Georgia Press, 2000)I must have parchment! Oh, but I like writing on parchment! Each time you turn a page it rumbles like thunder. My words are so portentousthats portentous, dear, not pretentious- it seems appropriate. Like Jove. (David Blixt, The Master of Verona. St. Martins Press, 2007) Usage Notes [P]ortentous can be either ominous (a portentous event) or pompous (his portentous attitude); pretentious means pretending to be important. Since a pretentious person can also be pompous/portentous, theres a risk of confusion with these words. Prefer ominous or pompous to portentous.  (Wynford Hicks, Quite Literally: Problem Words and How to Use Them. Routledge, 2004)The main distinction is that a portentous man just might be as important as he seems, but a pretentious one cannot be as important as he claims. (Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)Portentous . . . used to mean portending evil; ominous and has come to mean pompous; self-important, possibly because it sounds like pretentious mixed with portly- but there is poetic justice in that, since pretentiousness can be ominous. (William Safire, On Language. The New York Times Magazine, June 7, 1981)

Career development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Career development - Essay Example A large number of studies have shown that there is strong relationship between academic performance and self-efficacy beliefs of an individual. Self-efficacy reflects in every action of a student including their activities, extent of hard work, performance, behavior and determination during tough times. Thus, this paper aims to enhance and investigate the extent of self-efficacy and for this purpose, a few exercises have been provided including action plan for improving self-efficacy as well as psychometric tests. Having high self-efficacy allows a student to make reasonable success in academics whereas low self-efficacy causes a student to avoid tasks. It has been argued that individuals having high self-efficacy work harder, accept challenges, and stay determined during complex situations. Prior mentioned personal development plan has been created in order to improve self-efficacy in the areas of self-confidence, academic performance, and employability skills. It must be borne in mind that these three elements play a vital role in enhancing and expanding self-efficacy. Therefore, a few activities have been provided for each of the element in order to enhance overall self-efficacy of an individual. First, for making some improvements in academics, one has to plan how to handle varying courses so as to take good grades in each one of them. If there is an option to select courses on our own, then course selection must be balanced. For instance, a couple of complex courses can be taken with two or three easy courses. Apart from courses, a student needs to participate in seminars, debates, and presentation in order to get the snapshot of real world scenarios and to stay in touch with current events. Students also need to improve their reading and writing skills as well as keep a daily schedule of everyday studies. Building self-confidence is another important field. Self-confidence can be enhanced

HRM Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRM 1 - Assignment Example The Tata Consultancy Services management had a very difficult task especially during the recession period as they spent most of their valuable time dealing with legal risks, financial, marketing and production while giving absolutely no consideration to its contingency plan. The absence of the company’s human resource professionals in the company seriously affected Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) business activity and the management came to realize when it was already too late that this was actually a key component in its management strategies. There was high employee turnover which transpired at the time the company least expected and it almost made the entire management to close down its business by retrenching all its employees. A contingency plan was the best possible practice as it could assist the company (Tata) management to define how it would continue or recover its critical functions from the turnover of staff incident. This contingency plan remains very critical since key employees and other members of the entire team remain an integral part and kit of any recovery strategy that Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has to put together. The contingency plan would in future reassure Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) employees that their jobs remain secure during preparation and implementation of the contingency plan. This remained as the second human resource challenge faced by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS).Tata Consultancy Services however, failed to have an insight of the oncoming recession period that would impose some destruction on its business and so it was vital for the company’s top management to engage the employees by looking into strategies that can enhance the company’s human resource capabilities and sustainability so as to achieve the ultimate objective of the company. This can make the employees to engage and interpret the likely challenges. Tata

3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3 - Essay Example rative characteristics associated with teacher motivation and teachers’ attitudes when it comes to working in low-income school contexts as well as teaching students from minority communities. 4. The first research question was to identify the teacher’s as well as schools’ characteristics that boost levels of responsibility among the teachers. Researchers hypothesized that those teachers showing a strong will to assume the full responsibility for the learning of all students have positive attitudes, dedication and experience. They also hypothesized that such teachers are found in schools where administrative support is strong. The second research question was to investigate the relationship between teachers’ responsibility and achievement levels among students. The hypothesis was that teacher responsibility has a significant influence on learning by students i.e. teachers who show high responsibility have positive and long lasting influence on the students’ perceptions about them as well as the school. 5. The research used the approach of case study in which teachers from six different school settings were studied. Interview and observation methods were used to collect and record the research data which was letter analyzed. Ethnography was also used to study the teachers’ attitudes in the low income schools. A mixture of research approaches were therefore employed in the study. 6. the study took the descriptive research design and survey method where the teacher characteristics in the different school settings were observed, recorded, interrogated and analyzed to answer the research questions. 7. The study was done on a population of teachers in kindergarten and first grades. A total of eight kindergarten teachers were selected; 3 Afro-Americans, 1 Asian-American and 4 whites. Four first grade teachers were selected all of which were white. A total of eight classes were used for the study i.e. seven kindergarten and four first grade classes. The